THE ROLE OF FEDERAL HIGHWAYS IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION: PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF MODERNIZATION

This article examines the importance of federal highways for the socioeconomic development of the Kaluga Region. It demonstrates that these highways serve as a vital link in the transportation system, providing freight and passenger transportation, connecting the region with the national and international transportation network, and stimulating industrial production, tourism, and business along the highways. Key issues identified include congestion on certain road sections, insufficient roadway width, seasonal risks, a shortage of parking and rest areas, and environmental challenges, including noise pollution and impact on water bodies. A range of infrastructure, technological, and regulatory measures is proposed as solutions, including the reconstruction of critical road sections, the implementation of intelligent transport systems, the creation of multimodal hubs, the use of environmentally friendly construction technologies and wastewater treatment facilities, and the development of partnerships with businesses through public-private partnerships, crowdfunding, and incentive programs. It is concluded that a comprehensive and phased modernization of federal highways can strengthen their role as drivers of regional growth, reduce logistics costs, and improve the long-term competitiveness of the Kaluga Region.