TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY SUPERPOWERS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN TRANSITION STRATEGIES OF SAUDI ARABIA (VISION 2030) AND THE UAE (NET ZERO 2050)

The article examines the transformation of the energy superpowers of the Persian Gulf using the example of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Based on the strategic documents Vision 2030 and Net Zero 2050, as well as statistical and analytical data, the institutional, technological and financial mechanisms of the “green” transition are analyzed. It is shown that Saudi Arabia combines the policy of largescale deployment of renewable energy with the concept of a cyclical carbon economy and the priority of hydrogen and CCUS projects. The UAE focuses on the early development of solar generation, nuclear energy and the formation of a regional center for trading “green” assets. It has been revealed that in both countries the green transition is closely linked to the task of economic diversification and the expansion of green financing instruments. Comparative analysis shows that despite the general dependence on hydrocarbon rents, transition models differ in the degree of reliance on state institutions, the role of sovereign funds, and the depth of private capital involvement. The conclusion is drawn about the formation of a new type of “oil” energy powers seeking to convert rents into long-term “green” competitive advantages.