Prevention and management of respiratory disease in cerebral palsy: Evidence-based strategies and future recommendations

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) are at an increased risk of developing respiratory diseases due to various factors, including motor impairments, postural abnormalities, and comorbidities, such as dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux disease. This paper reviews evidence-based strategies and recommendations for the prevention and management of respiratory diseases in young adults with CP. It highlights the importance of early screening, vaccination, and infection control, as well as the role of pulmonary rehabilitation and physical therapy in improving respiratory function. Non-invasive ventilation and pharmacological management, including bronchodilators and mucolytics, are critical for individuals with compromised lung function. Multidisciplinary care, postural management, and swallowing therapy are key components of a comprehensive treatment approach. In addition, innovations in telemedicine and caregiver education are emerging as effective tools to enhance respiratory care and prevent complications. While challenges remain in accessibility and training, future directions, such as personalized medicine and rehabilitation technologies, offer promising solutions to further improve the respiratory health of individuals with CP. This review underscores the importance of early intervention, coordinated care, and ongoing support to optimize outcomes for individuals with CP and reduce the burden of respiratory diseases.