PBICR-2024: Protocol and data resource profile of a national cross-sectional study on psychological and behavioral health among Chinese residents

Background: Comprehensive, standardized data on psychological and behavioral health among Chinese residents remain limited, constraining population-level research and the development of evidence-based health promotion strategies. Objective: The 2024 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents aimed to establish a large-scale, multi-center, nationally representative database to support research on physical and mental health among Chinese residents and inform health policy development. Methods: This national cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2024 using a three-stage stratified sampling strategy across 150 cities and 800 communities/villages in China. Of 38,793 distributed questionnaires, 35,861 valid responses were retained after excluding non-consenting, underage, non-Chinese, and insufficiently completed questionnaires, followed by logical quality checks (response rate: 99.05%; qualification rate: 98.95%). Trained investigators administered standardized questionnaires through face-to-face interviews, covering sociodemographic characteristics, personal health status, family information, social environment, psychological scales, behavioral scales, and attitudes toward topical social issues. Multi-level quality control procedures were implemented throughout data collection. Results: Data collection has been completed, yielding a nationally representative dataset with multidimensional information on psychological and behavioral characteristics across 150 cities. Detailed descriptions of sampling outcomes, response rates, and data quality metrics are presented in the full protocol. Conclusion: The 2024 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents provides a comprehensive, high-quality evidence base to inform post-pandemic health promotion strategies and policy development aimed at improving physical and mental health in China and globally.