Haptic feedback integration in virtual Huizhou architecture: Enhancing tactile perception of traditional craftsmanship

As virtual heritage exhibitions become increasingly prevalent, enhancing their sensory depth remains a critical challenge. This study investigates the potential of haptic technology to enhance virtual exhibitions of Huizhou architecture by simulating the tactile qualities of traditional architectural elements. Across experimental design incorporating user testing (n = 105 participants across three expertise groups), comparative analysis across three interface conditions (visual-only, visual-audio, and full multisensory), and ethnographic interviews with fifteen traditional craftsmen, this study explores how tactile simulation can bridge the sensory gap between physical and virtual heritage experiences. The research draws on embodied cognition theory and the phenomenology of perception to examine how haptic feedback influences visitors’ understanding and appreciation of traditional craftsmanship in carved woodwork, stone textures, and brick patterns characteristic of Huizhou architectural style. Findings suggest that haptic integration significantly enhances user engagement (a mean increase of 1.4 points on a seven-point scale) and cultural comprehension (material identification accuracy improved by 34%), offering new pathways for immersive heritage preservation and education.