A Sociological Perspective on the Integration Process of Migrants in Western Europe: Focusing on Migrants from Third Countries

This article examines the process of migrant integration in Western Europe from a sociological perspective, with a specific focus on migrants from third countries. Integration is conceptualized as a complex, multidimensional, and bidirectional process shaped by interactions between migrants and host societies. Drawing on classical and contemporary sociological theories, including approaches to assimilation, multiculturalism, and transnationalism, the study highlights the relevance of structural, social, cultural, and political dimensions in shaping integration trajectories.The article adopts a qualitative methodology based on a systematic review of sociological literature, policy documents, and institutional reports produced by the OECD, the European Commission, and the International Organization for Migration. These sources are used to analyze key forms and indicators of integration, such as labor market participation, access to education and housing, social relations, cultural adaptation, and civic and political engagement, within the context of Western European integration policies.The analysis indicates that migrants from third countries face more substantial barriers to integration than native populations and intra-EU migrants. These challenges include legal and administrative constraints, labor market segmentation, overqualification, discrimination, limited social networks, and restricted opportunities for civic participation. The article concludes that effective integration requires comprehensive and inclusive policy approaches that address structural inequalities, promote social cohesion, and support mutual adaptation between migrants and host societies. This multidimensional sociological perspective contributes to ongoing academic debates and provides a foundation for future empirical research and evidence-based policymaking. Received: 12 November 2025 / Accepted: 28 December 2025 / Published: January 2026