Application of Lean and Agile Process in Production Management

The speed of new technology evolvement and globalization continues to cause environmental market challenges that impact the production industry in complexity and competitiveness as the volume of customization increases. The research study aims to design a structured integration of lean and agile methodologies as a unified approach to address the issue of product underperformance as technology evolves. The study found that there is no existing structured methodology that combines lean and agile methodologies as a single method to support customer satisfaction and expectations. Many experienced companies have developed their own unique, unstructured methods that combine both lean and agile methodologies. Still, they continue to face challenges such as production dilemmas, resistance, and skepticism as technology evolves. The lean method manages predictability while the agile methodology manages unpredictability. The technological innovation of today creates uncertainties that lead to a product's life cycle experiencing both predictable and unpredictable effects. This study employed a six-action framework to integrate lean and agile methodologies in managing product underperformance. The study used the Taguchi design of the experiment to support a robust improvement integration process. The results showed that integrating lean and agile methodologies offers better efficiency and effectiveness than using either a single lean or agile methodology. Received: 19 November 2025 / Accepted: 31 December 2025 / Published: January 2026