Influence of Sugar and Salt Admixtures on the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete: A Comparative Analysis

This study investigates the influence of sugar and salt admixtures on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete, with the aim of identifying their potential benefits and limitations for construction applications. Concrete mixes incorporating varying concentrations of sugar and salt (0.5%, 1%, and 2% by weight of cement) were prepared using Ordinary Portland Cement, standard aggregates, and controlled laboratory curing conditions. Mechanical properties, including compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, were evaluated at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, while durability performance was assessed through water absorption, chloride permeability, and freeze–thaw resistance tests. A control mix without admixtures was used for comparison. The findings indicate that salt acts primarily as an accelerator, enhancing early-age strength development, particularly noticeable within the first 7–14 days. However, prolonged use and higher concentrations of salt increase permeability and raise concerns over potential reinforcement corrosion due to elevated chloride penetration. Conversely, sugar functions as a retarder, delaying initial setting but significantly improving long-term strength development and durability characteristics. Concrete incorporating sugar exhibited reduced chloride permeability, improved freeze–thaw resistance, and more stable strength development at later curing ages, especially at 1% and 2% dosages. Overall, the comparative analysis reveals that while salt-admixed concrete is advantageous in situations requiring rapid early strength, sugar-admixed concrete offers superior long-term durability and structural stability. The study concludes that careful control of admixture dosage is essential, as excessive amounts may negatively influence concrete performance. These findings provide valuable insights for sustainable, cost-effective construction practices, particularly in regions where sugar and salt are readily available. Future research is recommended to evaluate long-term field performance and explore the effects of these admixtures in diverse environmental and structural conditions.