Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Term Neonates: A Prospective Cohort Study from North India

Abstract Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) following perinatal asphyxia is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings, including India1,2. Objective: To determine maternal and perinatal risk factors associated with HIE in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at G.B. Pant Hospital, Srinagar, from November 2017 to April 2019. Term neonates (37 weeks, >1.8 kg) with Apgar 5 h), low Apgar scores, and need for advanced resuscitation. Conclusion: Preventable factors contribute significantly to severe HIE. Strengthening antenatal care, intrapartum monitoring, and neonatal resuscitation can reduce the burden4-6.