Fenugreek-Derived Dietary Fibre (Galactomannan With Adjunct Insoluble Fibre): Physiological Effects on Gastric Emptying, Enteroendocrine Signalling, Intestinal Barrier Function, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production, Glycaemic Regulation, and Bowel Function

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds provide a mixed dietary fibre matrix dominated by galactomannan, a viscous soluble fibre, with a smaller insoluble fraction. This narrative review examines fibre-specific physiological effects on gastrointestinal and metabolic function. Key mechanisms include regulation of gastric emptying, stimulation of endogenous enteroendocrine signalling (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and peptide YY [PYY]), colonic fermentation to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with emphasis on butyrate, enhancement of intestinal barrier integrity, stabilisation of post-prandial glycaemic responses, and improvement of bowel regularity. Supportive real-world observational data are also presented. Collectively, the evidence supports fenugreek-derived fibre as a digestive and metabolic regulator acting within normal physiological control systems.