Survey on Emerging Trend in Mutation Breeding

This research paper provides a comprehensive and timely review of mutation breeding's profound impact on modern plant breeding and global agriculture. By tracing the historical development from early induced mutations to contemporary precision mutagenesis integrated with genomics, it elucidates how mutation breeding has accelerated the creation of superior crop varieties with enhanced yield, stress tolerance, and improved quality traits. Globally, over 3,200 mutant varieties have been released, contributing substantially to food security, environmental sustainability, and farmer livelihoods. The paper highlights critical advancements such as CRISPR-based genome editing and high-throughput screening that are transforming mutation breeding into a more precise and efficient tool. Addressing challenges like unwanted mutations and regulatory complexities, it provides actionable insights for optimizing mutation breeding approaches. This synthesis not only documents the evolution and current trends but also underscores mutation breeding’s vital role in meeting the challenges of climate change and population growth. Researchers, plant breeders, and policy makers will find this paper an invaluable resource for guiding future crop improvement strategies.