Knowledge and Attitude of Patients Regarding Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in Selected Hospitals of Kamrup (Metro), Assam: A Descriptive Survey Study

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and Permanent Pacemaker Implantation (PPI) is a life-saving intervention for patients with cardiac conduction disorders. Despite advances in cardiac pacing technology, inadequate patient knowledge and unfavorable attitudes toward pacemakers may contribute to complications, anxiety, and poor adherence to recommended homecare practices. Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude of patients regarding Permanent Pacemaker Implantation (PPI) in selected hospitals of Kamrup (Metro), Assam, and to develop an information booklet based on identified educational needs. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive survey design was employed. The study was conducted at the Cardiothoracic and Neuroscience Center, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Assam. A total of 74 patients awaiting PPI were selected using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured interview schedule comprising socio-demographic variables, a 24-item knowledge questionnaire, and a 14-item five-point Likert attitude scale. The reliability of the tools was established, with coefficients of 0.85 for the knowledge questionnaire (Spearman–Brown split-half method) and 0.74 for the attitude scale (Cronbach’s alpha). Analysis: Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated to describe knowledge and attitude levels. Chi-square test was applied to determine associations between knowledge and selected socio-demographic variables, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between knowledge and attitude. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of patients had moderately adequate knowledge and moderately favorable attitudes toward PPI. A statistically significant association was observed between knowledge level and selected socio-demographic variables (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitude scores, indicating that improved knowledge was associated with more favorable attitudes. Conclusion: The study concludes that although most patients demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge and attitude regarding PPI, gaps remain in awareness and perception. Structured educational interventions, such as information booklets and nurse-led teaching programs, are essential to enhance patient understanding, promote positive attitudes, and improve adherence to post-implantation care practices, ultimately optimizing patient outcomes.