Impact of Nanophosphorus on Growth Duration, Development and Biological Yield of Chickpea Cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)

The growth, development, duration, biological yield, accumulated heat growing degree-days-1, and heat use efficiency for biological yield production of five chickpea cultivars (Local, Hazarmerd, Baranan, Arda and Deyar90) were studied under the impact of three nanophosphorus fertilizer (0, 4 and 8 kg nano P ha-1). The experiment was designed using a split plot arrangement according to an RCBD design with three replicates. The main plots included nanophosphorus fertilizer and sub plots included chickpea cultivars. The use of 8 kg Nano P ha-1 significantly increased chickpea plant dry matter and biological yield, extended the flowering and podding duration with shorten in the duration to reach pods initiation, physiological and full maturity. Also, it reduced the accumulated heat growing degree-days-1 requirement to reach pod initiation, physiological maturity, and full maturity stages and was more efficient in terms of use efficiency for biological yield production. The Local cultivar of Chickpea had the highest significant biological yield, earliness in physiological and full maturity stage, more efficient use of resources for biological yield production, the lowest accumulated heat growing degree-days-1 needed to reach pod initiation, physiological and full maturity stage. Hazarmerd and Baranan chickpea cultivars were significantly earlier in days to flowering and podding initiation, with the longest flowering and podding duration, and the lowest requirement in the accumulated heat growing degree-days-1 to reach flowering and podding initiation. We can conclude that the application of 8 kg Nano P ha-1 for the local chickpea cultivar is a suitable treatment to increase chickpea biological yield production.