Energy and Environmental Assessment of a Solar-Assisted Heat Pump for Water Heating

This study analyzes the performance of a solar-assisted heat pump for residential water heating, aiming to demonstrate its feasibility as a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative while contributing to CO₂ emission reduction in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. The research combined hands-on experimentation with energy analysis, monitoring operational parameters, heating time, and calculating the coefficient of performance for 10 liters of water under varying solar radiation conditions. Additionally, the environmental impact of photovoltaic panels and battery storage was evaluated, alongside operating costs and estimated CO₂ emissions. The results revealed a maximum coefficient of performance of 6.2 and a minimum of 3.3, with heating times ranging from 30 to 35 minutes, indicating stable and efficient performance. The system consumes just 2.33 kW·h per year for active components, producing only 9.6 kg of CO₂, far below conventional electric or LPG heaters, whereas solar integration further lowers its carbon footprint. Overall, the findings highlight that this solar-assisted heat pump is technically effective, economically competitive, and environmentally responsible.