Expert Consensus on the Application of Theta Burst Stimulation for Cognitive Impairment

With the progression of population aging, cognitive impairment has garnered increasing attention. It not only reduces the overall quality of life and lifespan of patients, but also imposes tremendous burdens on caregivers and the social economy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a neuroelectrophysiological technique used for neurological and psychiatric disorders, which has been proven by studies to exert ameliorative effects on multiple cognitive functions. Theta burst stimulation (TBS), as a novel rTMS treatment protocol, has been increasingly applied in the treatment of cognitive impairment. Compared with conventional rTMS, TBS requires lower stimulation intensity, fewer pulses and shorter application time, leading to higher patient compliance. By reviewing and optimizing previous research findings and clinical practice experience, this expert consensus thoroughly analyzes issues pertaining to the origin, mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of TBS, and formulates clinically applicable TBS intervention protocols and workflows, which are expected to provide a more effective therapeutic approach for patiens with cognitive impairment.