Africa’s Role and Challenges in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Shipping Industry – Is Policy Alone Enough?

The tightening of international and regional regulations, such as the IMO’s 2023 measures and the EU Climate Law, reflects growing pressure on the global shipping industry to reduce GHG emissions. Although the maritime sector accelerates its decarbonisation efforts, Africa’s capacity and readiness to adopt these measures remain uncertain. This study examines Africa’s position within global maritime decarbonisation efforts, with the objective of identifying the regulatory, economic, and infrastructural constraints that shape the continent’s ability to reduce shipping-related GHG emissions. The study uses a qualitative desktop review of international climate instruments, IMO regulations, regional policies, and existing literature on maritime emissions. Findings indicate that although Africa shows political commitment to climate action, significant financial limitations, infrastructural gaps, and developmental priorities impede meaningful progress in maritime decarbonisation. These challenges suggest that Africa may prioritise socio-economic needs over emissions reduction in the short term. The study concludes that Africa requires substantial investment and supportive global mechanisms to align environmental obligations with broader development goals. The implications underscore the need for targeted capacity-building, climate finance access, and equitable implementation pathways for African states.