Technological, Agricultural Innovation, and Food Security in Africa: Systematic Review

This systematic review explores how technological and agricultural innovations influence food security in Africa, focusing on affordability, availability, safety, and functionality. Using the PRISMA method of identification, screening, and inclusion, 80 peer-reviewed articles were analysed on topics such as agricultural innovation, postharvest management, functional foods, and digital transformation. The findings show that innovations such as precision agriculture, the Internet of Things, blockchain traceability, and Agri-FinTech improve productivity, transparency, and value chain efficiency, while functional foods promote food security and nutrition. However, challenges, including socioeconomic inequality, poor infrastructure, limited financing, and weak market linkages, hinder adoption. Persistent postharvest losses (20–30% of annual output) further constrain food security. The review emphasises the interconnection between technological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, noting that innovation alone cannot ensure food security without inclusive policies and equitable access. Theoretically, it extends the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework by adding technological capital and digital infrastructure as key assets for resilience. Practically, it calls for supportive policies, improved markets, digital literacy, indigenous food promotion, and investment in smart, green infrastructure. Overall, the study concludes that while technology and innovation are transformative, their success in achieving sustainable food security in Africa depends on addressing structural inequalities and fostering system-wide integration.