Impediments to Collaborative Research Productivity: Insights from University Academics in Tanzania

Collaborative research (CR) is generally seen as crucial for boosting research productivity. However, this is achievable only in a research ecosystem that promotes interaction and teamwork among academics, along with a clear understanding of the challenges that may hinder full participation in research activities. Therefore, for academics to work together effectively, it is necessary to understand and address the barriers to CR productivity. This study aimed to explore these barriers within Tanzanian universities. It used a mixed-methods approach with a convergent design to gain both familiar and new insights about obstacles to CR productivity. Data was collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Version 22, while thematic analysis helped identify and interpret patterns of meaning in the qualitative data. The findings identified several barriers that restrict collaborative research among university scholars. These barriers include interpersonal issues like low motivation, lack of trust, and differing research goals, as well as structural challenges such as limited funding and insufficient supportive policies. The study also suggested strategies to improve collaboration, including increased funding, motivation through rewards and incentives, and stronger supportive research policies. Overall, CR plays a vital role in enhancing academic research output. Understanding the obstacles to CR is essential for creating an environment that encourages joint research efforts. The study recommends, among other steps, a shift in mindset toward CR among Tanzanian academics, since individual collaboration depends on existing social ties. It also urges the government, universities, and funding agencies to offer the necessary support to foster a strong culture of collaboration, specifically, providing adequate research funding, supportive policies, incentives, and a balanced workload to allow sufficient time for research activities