A Critical Analysis of Multiple Land Ownership in Tanzania: Legal Challenges and Its Implications

The study thoroughly examines the legal framework that governs multiple land ownership in Tanzania, identifying the inherent challenges it presents and evaluating its impact on land governance, socio-economic development, and social equity. The study also takes a legal approach, analysing statutory laws, constitutional provisions, case law, policy documents; and comparative insights from other jurisdictions in the region. Information was gathered by conducting a thorough examination of legal documents, policy papers, court judgments, land registration records, and relevant literature, complemented by a comparative analysis with other East African countries and exemplary models. The results indicate substantial legal and institutional shortcomings, encompassing unclear regulations regarding multiple landholdings, clashes between customary and statutory systems, and inefficiencies in land registration procedures. These challenges contribute to conflicts over land ownership, uncertainty about land rights, gender inequalities, and obstacles to sustainable land use and urban planning. The study suggests implementing legal changes to clearly define multiple land ownership, enhancing land registration systems, aligning customary and statutory laws, and raising public awareness. To promote fair, open, and long-lasting land management in Tanzania, it is crucial to invest in building institutions, implementing new policies like land taxation and flexible land ownership, and providing targeted education to communities