The Patterns of Strengthening Character Education in Kakawin Irawāntakayana

Indonesia, as the world’s largest archipelagic nation, possesses a rich tapestry of cultures and traditions reflected in its classical manuscripts. This study examines patterns of character education embedded in the Kakawin Irawāntakayana, aiming to elucidate the pedagogical strategies and moral insights employed in early Indonesian literary traditions to cultivate ethical conduct and virtuous character. In the context of contemporary moral complexities, rapid technological advancement, and intensified cross-cultural interaction, these traditional character education patterns remain highly relevant and offer constructive guidance for modern educational frameworks. The research adopts a qualitative design, with data collected through listening, close reading, and systematic note-taking, positioning the Kakawin Irawāntakayana as the primary source. Data analysis employs descriptive-analytical techniques grounded in hermeneutic theory, which foregrounds interpretative engagement between text, reader, and contextual presuppositions. The findings identify several significant educational patterns, namely the contemplative, assignment, discussion, exemplary, reward and punishment, and motivational patterns, each contributing distinctively to the formation of moral awareness, responsibility, empathy, discipline, and intrinsic ethical motivation. Collectively, these patterns demonstrate the enduring philosophical depth of Indonesian literary heritage and its potential to inform and enrich contemporary character education initiatives.