Enhanced Performance of a 2.4 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN, 4G and 5G Networks using HFSS

This paper describes the performance development of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna specifically designed for use in wireless local area networks (WLAN), 4G and 5G. the antenna operates at a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz, this structure was chosen for its efficient ability to accommodate the target frequency band, thus making it as a very suitable option for WLAN systems, as well as operation at 2,4 GHz ensures compliance with the IEEE 802.11 standard, ensuring full compliance with established WLAN requirements. The physical prototype was designed using HFSS software on an FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm, resulting in final dimensions of 60 mm 60 mm 1,6 mm. The simulation results obtained confirmed the performance of our antenna at the resonant frequency of 2.4011 GHz, a reflection coefficient (S11) of -49.47 dB, and a bandwidth of 64.7 MHz. The design also achieved a gain of 3.14 dB, a directivity of 6,31 dB, and an electric field radiation (rE) of 20.92 dB. The proposed antenna successfully meets performance criteria for fourth generation (4G) networks, highlighting its applicability in contemporary wireless communication environments.