Factors associated with tuberculosis in cattle in the urban and peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2021

Introduction: Bovine tuberculosis is endemic in Burkina Faso. It is a chronic zoonosis with a significant health and economic impact. Studies carried out on both sides of the country show the existence of bovine tuberculosis with a high prevalence ranging from 3.75 to 27.7% from 2004 to 2018. However, the factors associated with the circulation of the disease are poorly documented, while A better understanding of the risk factors for infection is necessary for its eradication. This study assessed the factors associated with tuberculosis on farms in the study area in 2021. Methods: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional analytical study focusing mainly on environmental factors, livestock management and animal transmission. In total, 371 cattle were subjected to comparative intradermal tuberculin testing. Data were collected using Microsoft Excel® 2016 software, then imported into Epi info® 7.2.2 for analyses. Results: The overall prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was 11.59% (95%CI: 8.75 -15.25). In multivariate analysis after adjustment, purchase of cattle from at-risk farms (aOR: 2.80, 95%CI: 1.04 -10.60, p = 0.04) and contact of cattle with other domestic animals (aOR=3.04, 95%CI: 1.30-10.74, p=0.003) remained significantly associated with developing bovine tuberculosis among the cattle. Conclusion: Factors independently associated with bTB on farms in the study area are the purchase of cattle from at-risk farms and contact between domestic cattle. In view of these results, it is important to implement eradication measures, namely prevention, monitoring and control in our farms.