Fourfold or higher mpox mortality in people living with HIV: A national cohort from Sierra Leone's 2025 outbreak
Abstract
Introduction: People living with HIV (PLHIV) with immune compromise may face a higher risk of severe mpox, but African outbreak data remain limited. Methods: We conducted a retrospective national cohort study of laboratory-confirmed mpox cases in Sierra Leone from 9 January to 26 November 2025. Surveillance records were linked to HIV programme registers in DHIS2. Mpox-attributable death was the primary outcome. Logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) adjusted for age, sex, and district. Among PLHIV, mortality was stratified by viral suppression (
Fields of Study & Subjects
Poxvirus research and outbreaks
Immune responses and vaccinations
HIV Research and Treatment
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health
- Publisher
- African Field Epidemiology Network
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Publication date
- 17 June 2026
- Language
- EN