Examining U.S. military veteran farmers’ agricultural characteristics

Most research regarding veteran farmers emphasized the mental health benefits of farming for military veterans, leaving a gap in understanding their production roles and educational needs. The study aimed to describe the production interests, challenges, motivations, and farm-generated income of military veterans engaged in agriculture using capability approach theory and access theory together as a conceptual framework. A national online survey was distributed through nonprofit organizations that received federal funding to deliver nonformal agricultural education to veterans. The survey collected data on veteran demographics, military history, agricultural background, current production activities, land access, and income from farming. Respondents also identified their top motivations to farm and challenges faced when farming. Findings showed a higher representation of commissioned officers than enlisted personnel among the respondents. Nearly half of respondents had access to less than 50 acres of land, and most had early-life exposure to agriculture. Vegetables were the most produced commodity. Respondents often cited altruistic motivations for farming, while fewer emphasized therapeutic reasons. Common challenges included limited time, labor, land, and equipment. Over half of respondents reported that a significant portion of their income came from agricultural operations. These results can help develop more effective agricultural educational programming for this audience.