Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) Extract Attenuates Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Enhances Mitochondrial Biogenesis via the miR-221/222 and AMPK/SIRT1 Axis in Rats

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its role in regulating adipose tissue inflammatory microRNAs and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions remains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of purslane extract (PE) on HFD-induced inflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis, focusing on regulation of the miR-221/222 cluster in white adipose tissue (WAT) and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) axis in skeletal muscle.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal chow diet, HFD, HFD+0.2%PE, and HFD+0.4% PE for 12 weeks.PE supplementation significantly reduced body weight gain, improved serum and hepatic lipid profiles, and decreased circulating inflammatory cytokines (P