Research progress on comorbidity between gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases from the perspective of the gut-lung axis

The coexistence of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases is a widespread phenomenon, featuring complex bidirectional interactions that seriously threaten human health and increase the difficulty of clinical management. The gut-lung axis is an emerging field in the study of organ-organ interactions in recent years, revealing the complex bidirectional regulatory network between gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. The potential mechanisms of comorbidities of gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases involve multiple interactions. This article systematically reviewed the significant role of the gut-lung axis in comorbidities of gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases and discussed key dimensions such as the bidirectional regulatory mechanism of the gut-lung axis, the pathophysiological basis of comorbidities of gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases, the clinical types of comorbidities, and intervention strategies. This has significant clinical translational value for optimizing the stratified management of complications of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and reducing the risk of acute exacerbation.