DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL TO ENHANCE STUDENTS CRITICAL THINKING AND COLLABORATION SKILLS IN GEOGRAPHY LEARNING

The needs of education in the 21st century demand an integrated understanding of the 4C competencies, including creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration. Geography learning in schools is still very teacher-centered, which sometimes does not relate the subject matter to real-world events, thus hindering students' critical thinking and collaboration skills. This research was intended to develop a Scientific Discovery Learning learning model to improve students' critical thinking and collaboration skills in geography learning in schools. This research is classified as development research related to the Nieveen model, which consists of the preliminary research phase, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. This research was carried out in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year at Senior High School 1 Jember. The result shows that the Scientific Discovery Learning learning model got a validation score categorized as excellent, and the practicality result from the learning implementation and students' responses was also included in the excellent category. Then the effectiveness of the model is proven by the increase in the N-gain score on students' critical thinking and collaboration skills in geography learning.