Comprehensive Monitoring Of Landscape Transformation In The Aydar–Arnasay Lake System Based On Remote Sensing And GIS Technologies

This article develops the scientific and methodological foundations for comprehensive monitoring of landscape transformation in the Aydar–Arnasay Lake System based on remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). The study integrates Landsat satellite data acquired between 1985 and 2024, a digital elevation model, and multispectral indices (EVI, NDWI, LST) to assess changes occurring in coastal, desert, and agro-irrigation landscapes. Long-term dynamic analysis enabled the identification of spatial configurations, development trends, and levels of geoecological risk associated with landscape transformation. The obtained results are proposed as a scientific basis for sustainable territorial management, early detection of degradation processes, and the development of environmentally optimized management measures.