[Research advances in molecular biology mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of aortic dissection].

Aortic dissection (AD) is a cardiovascular emergency with an extremely high mortality rate. This review delineates its molecular pathogenesis from four pivotal dimensions: structural and functional abnormalities of the vascular wall, inflammatory and immune dysregulation, hemodynamic disturbances, and epigenetic dysregulation, while critically assessing the translational prospects and challenges of novel therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms. Despite continuous advancements in surgical and interventional techniques, the long-term prognosis of AD remains suboptimal. Future research should focus on targeting key molecular pathways, facilitating individualized precision therapy, developing novel diagnostic tools, and innovating drug delivery systems, with the aim of overcoming current diagnostic and therapeutic bottlenecks in AD.​.