[Focusing on the challenges and opportunities of optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of fundus diseases].

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), with its advantages of non-invasiveness, non-contact, rapid imaging, and high resolution, has become an indispensable core imaging tool in the diagnosis and treatment of fundus diseases. It provides clinicians with critical structural insights for accurately assessing lesion characteristics and severity, dynamically monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy, and optimizing therapeutic strategies. However, in the era of precision medicine, the application effectiveness of OCT still faces significant challenges. Deeply understanding and acknowledging its limitations is fundamental to maximizing the value of OCT and seeking effective solutions. This article focuses on the key bottlenecks and breakthrough paths of OCT in the diagnosis and treatment of fundus diseases, systematically analyzing the core issues from three dimensions, including the physical constraints of the device itself, the physiological and pathological variations among individual patients, and the subjectivity of physician interpretation. Closely following the cutting-edge trends and development opportunities in the OCT field, the counter strategies, like continuous technological innovation, deep integration of artificial intelligence, multimodal imaging integration, optimization of patient workflows and protocols, and standardized physician training, are also discussed. The aim is to provide clinicians with a comprehensive insight into the current status and future directions of OCT applications, helping them better understand existing challenges, more effectively utilize current technologies, and grasp the opportunities brought by technological innovation and diagnostic model transformation, and thus promoting the continuous improvement of precision diagnosis and treatment levels for fundus diseases.