[Chinese expert consensus on the use of standardized second-line drugs for primary hepatocellular carcinoma].

With the rapid development of systemic therapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma, how to scientifically formulate subsequent treatment strategies following first-line treatment failure has become a key issue that urgently needs to be addressed in clinical practice. In this context, developing a consensus on standardized second-line drugs that corresponds with the characteristics of patients and clinical practice in China is of significant practical importance. This consensus is based on high-level evidence-based medicine, combined with the experience of multidisciplinary experts in China, proposing unified evaluation criteria and stratified treatment recommendations for core issues such as disease progression assessment, drug resistance evaluation, and timing of switching therapy following failure of targeted therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and combination therapy. In addition, it advocates for evidence-based, individualized treatment decisions that balance efficacy and safety profile, with the aim of promoting the standardization and homogenization of second-line drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma in our country, thereby providing authoritative guidance for clinical practice and effectively improving and benefiting patients' long-term survival and quality of life.