[Reconstruction of superficial organs: a leap from structural restoration to functional rehabilitation].

The core objective of superficial organ reconstruction is to perfectly restore the organ's morphological structure and biological function. Currently, significant progress has been achieved in structural construction, blood supply assurance, and morphological and functional reconstruction of superficial organ reconstruction, primarily relying on approaches including surgical techniques, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. In the future, with the integration and application of cutting-edge technologies such as gene editing, artificial intelligence, three-dimensional printing, and brain-computer interfaces, superficial organ reconstruction is poised to enter a new historical stage characterized by high intelligence, precision, and comprehensive functional restoration. This article focuses on superficial organ reconstruction, systematically outlines its concept, challenges, and current development status, and proposes future perspectives for this field.