MULTILINGUALISM AND TRANSLANGUAGING: CASE OF KISANGANI IN DRC

This study explores the dynamics of multilingualism and translanguaging in Kisangani, a linguistically diverse city in the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo. It investigates how languages interact across social, educational, and professional domains, and examines whether these linguistic practices foster integration, development, and unity among the city's multiethnic population. Kisangani is characterized by the coexistence of national languages— particularly Lingala and Kiswahili—alongside numerous indigenous tongues such as Lokélé, Enya, Bongando, Mbole, Boa, Komo and Tofoe, as well as French and English. Using a qualitative approach involving interviews, observations, and document analysis, the research reveals that translanguaging is a common and strategic practice among residents. It facilitates communication across linguistic boundaries, enhances comprehension in educational settings, and strengthens social cohesion in everyday interactions. While multilingualism is largely perceived as a unifying force, the study also highlights tensions between actual language practices and official monolingual policies, especially in formal institutions. The findings underscore the need for inclusive language policies that reflect the sociolinguistic realities of Kisangani and support the constructive use of linguistic diversity for social transformation.