Corns and Calluses in The Geriatric Population

The prevalence of corns and calluses in the geriatric population is significantly exacerbated by age-related physiological cutaneous changes, diminished muscle strength, and foot deformities. Affecting approximately 33% to 68% of individuals over the age of 65, these lesions represent hyperkeratotic dermatoses resulting from the thickening of the stratum corneum due to repetitive mechanical pressure and friction. Corns (helomas), characterized by a central keratinous core, are clinically classified as either hard or soft varieties, whereas calluses present as diffuse, broad-based thickenings with indistinct margins.Beyond being a cosmetic concern, these lesions carry significant clinical implications; they cause pain, restrict mobility, and impair balance, thereby increasing the risk of falls and associated mortality in the elderly. Furthermore, in diabetic patients with underlying neuropathy, they pose a critical risk for ulceration and potential amputation. Diagnosis is primarily established through physical examination, where these lesions are differentiated from plantar warts by the preservation of skin lines over the surface and tenderness upon direct vertical pressure.The therapeutic management aims to alleviate pain, identify underlying biomechanical abnormalities, and prevent recurrence. Conservative modalities include scalpel debridement, the application of topical keratolytic agents (e.g., salicylic acid), and the prescription of appropriate footwear and orthoses. Surgical intervention is reserved for cases that are refractory to conservative treatment or involve significant osseous deformities.