ОГНЕТУШАЩАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПЕРФТОР-1,2-ДИМЕТИЛЦИКЛОБУТАНА

Сформулирована новая концепция поиска газовых огнетушащих веществ среди соединений с напряженной химической связью (связями) в молекуле. Предложено новое огнетушащее соединение – перфтор-1,2-диметилциклобутан. Определено, что данное вещество полностью удовлетворяет современным экологическим требованиям и является низкотоксичным. Экспериментально показано, что перфтор-1,2-диметилциклобутан является негорючим и обладает минимальной огнетушащей концентрацией 3,7 ± 0,1 % (об.). Following the adoption of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Earth’s Ozone Layer, the production of widely used gas fire extinguishing refrigerants has been restricted (23,124,227ea). These substances are greenhouse gases and contribute to the problem of global warming. This work proposes a new approach to the creation of gas fire extinguishing agents with a short atmospheric lifetime among compounds with a strained chemical bond(s) in a molecule is formulated. Based on the new approach, a gas fire extinguishing agent, perfluor-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane, has been proposed. This chemical compound has a toxicity class of at least 4, a lifetime in the atmosphere of 17 days, which meets the requirements of the Kigali Amendment, and a boiling point of 43 °С. In a constant volume bomb, it was determined that perfluor-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane has no flame propagation limits and is non-combustible. The minimum extinguishing concentration of perfluor-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane was experimentally measured to be 3.7 ± 0.1 %(vol.). The paper compares the minimum extinguishing concentration of substances (perfluor-2-methylpentene-2, perfluor-4-methylpentene-2and perfluor-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane) that differ in structure but have the same chemical formula. The results show that the greater the inhibitory activity of the studied gas fire-extinguishing agent, the more the extinction curve shifts of the left. It means that a more effective gas fire extinguishing agent requires less extinguishing time when the concentration of fire extinguishing agents is the same. It also follows from the results obtained that the difference in the effect of the compared substances on the gas-phase combustion is in their chemical transformation in the flame. Perfluoro-2-methylpentene-2, perfluoro-4-methylpentene-2, and perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane are 20.9–29.5 % more effective than their closest analog, fluorinated ketone FC 5-1-12, in terms of mass values.