Business Intelligence in Public Governance: A Data-Driven Framework for Transparent, Efficient, and Sustainable Policy Systems

Introduction: Public governance is undergoing a profound transformation driven by digitalization, data proliferation, and increasing demands for transparency and accountability. Business Intelligence (BI) has emerged as a critical tool for enabling evidence- based policymaking, optimizing public services, and strengthening institutional performance. Methods: This study employs a qualitative synthesis and comparative analytical approach, integrating findings from peer-reviewed research on business intelligence systems, digital governance platforms, and data-driven public decision-making. A structured framework was applied to examine governance objectives, analytical mechanisms, and implementation outcomes. Results: The synthesis indicates that BI-enabled governance enhances policy responsiveness, operational efficiency, and accountability when supported by interoperable data infrastructures, institutional capacity, and ethical oversight. Conversely, fragmented data systems and limited analytical literacy constrain BI effectiveness in public institutions. Conclusion: Business Intelligence represents a strategic governance capability rather than a purely technical solution. Its successful adoption in public governance depends on institutional alignment, ethical data governance, and sustained investment in analytical capacity to ensure long-term public value creation.