PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri L.) ON MALE RATS ALOXAN INDUCED

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, primarily driven by insulin resistance and pancreatic ?-cell dysfunction. Natural products rich in polyphenolic compounds have gained increasing attention as complementary antidiabetic agents because of their multitarget mechanisms of action. This study aimed to characterize the secondary metabolite profile and elucidate the antidiabetic potential of the ethanol extract of meniran . in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Ethanol extract of meniran. was prepared by maceration using 70% ethanol and was subjected to phytochemical screening. Antidiabetic activity was assessed in 24 alloxan-induced male rats randomly assigned to six groups: normal, negative control (Na-CMC), positive control (glibenclamide 0.09 mg/200 g), and three treatment groups receiving the extract at doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/200 g. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Mann–Whitney test. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which are known to exert antihyperglycemic effects through antioxidant activity, pancreatic ?-cell protection, and enhancement of peripheral glucose uptake. All extract-treated groups demonstrated a significant reduction in blood glucose levels compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Notably, the antihyperglycemic effect of the extract was comparable to that of glibenclamide, with no significant intergroup differences observed. The ethanol extract of Meniran. exhibits potent antidiabetic activity comparable to that of glibenclamide, potentially mediated through synergistic phytochemical mechanisms targeting oxidative stress and glucose homeostasis ...