Resveratrol Suppresses Lung Cancer through the NLRP3/IL-1β Signaling Axis to Improve Immune Microenvironment

The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer remain high, posing a serious threat to human health. This study aims to investigate the role of resveratrol in lung cancer and its regulatory mechanism on the immune microenvironment. Human lung cancer A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of resveratrol, and a syngeneic mouse model of lung cancer was established to evaluate the effects of resveratrol and the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 on cell growth and the expression of NLRP3/IL-1β. Meanwhile, tumor growth, cell apoptosis, T cell infiltration, and the expression of key signaling proteins were examined in vivo. The results showed that resveratrol significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and was accompanied by reduced expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β. In the syngeneic mouse model of lung cancer, resveratrol treatment suppressed tumor cell proliferation, improved tumor morphology, enhanced T lymphocyte infiltration, and concurrently decreased the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, ASC, and cleaved-caspase-1. These findings indicate that resveratrol inhibits tumor growth and remodels the immune microenvironment by targeting the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling axis, offering new insights and potential strategies for lung cancer immunotherapy.