A REVIEW OF RECENT ADVANCES IN THE DEVICES FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

A frequent respiratory condition with a high morbidity and mortality rate is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Many people do not receive a diagnosis until the disease has progressed clinically, and COPD is underdiagnosed despite its prevalence. Current studies on early COPD modifications aim to identify people for early intervention, enhance diagnostic, and uncover new targets for treatment. Over the past 20 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of COPD therapies available due to this focus, new oral and inhaled drugs, and innovative procedures. The gradual lung dysfunction known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mostly brought on by smoking cigarettes and breathing in harmful particles. the persistent exposure to disastrous chemicals might lead to aberrant inflammatory reactions, permanent damages to the respiratory system, and irreversible pathological alterations. Mitochondrial and epigenetic changes are increasingly recognized as playing a role in (COPD) development, alongside genetics and aging. these alterations include mitochondrial damage, excess production of reactive oxygen species, abnormal the cell's self-cleaning process, and altered and (programmed cell death). Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, histone.