Clinical Significance of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Monitoring in Asthma and Occupational Lung Disorders

Chronic respiratory illnesses, particularly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), along with occupational lung diseases such as byssinosis, silicosis, and dust-induced airway disorders, constitute a significant global public health burden, with a disproportionate impact on low- and middle-income countries. Early identification of airway obstruction and timely intervention are critical in preventing progressive and irreversible lung damage. The peak flow meter (PFM), a portable instrument used to assess peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), provides a practical and cost-effective approach for monitoring airway function outside specialized pulmonary laboratories. While spirometry remains the gold standard for pulmonary function testing, serial PEFR monitoring is particularly useful in resource-constrained settings, workplaces, and community-based screening programs. This review outlines the physiological basis of PEFR, measurement techniques, and interpretation; examines its clinical utility in asthma and occupational lung diseases; evaluates advantages and limitations; and highlights the essential role of nursing professionals in patient education, monitoring, and preventive care. Evidence from occupational health research is synthesized to support the use of PEFR in workplace surveillance. Future perspectives, including digital peak flow meters, mobile health integration, and implications for occupational health policy, are also discussed.