Development of the Icha Thermo Solar (ITS) Smart Sterilization Device Model Based on Solar Panels with Sensor Automation for Changes in Bacterial Colonies

Cross-infection in dental and oral health services remains a challenge, mainly due to the use of diagnostic tools that do not undergo optimal sterilization processes and dependence on conventional power sources. This study aims to develop a Smart Sterilization Icha Thermo Solar (Its) tool model based on solar panels with an automated sensor system and to test its effectiveness against bacterial colony changes. The research method uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the Four-D model (Define, Design, Development, Disseminate) with a mixed-method design, combining qualitative methods in needs analysis and product design with a pre-experimental approach in product testing (pre-testpost-test without a control group). Validity testing was conducted by three experts using Aiken's V and reliability testing using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Effectiveness testing was conducted using the Total Plate Count (TPC) test on Plate Count Agar (PCA) media before and after sterilization with variations in time of 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The validation results showed an average Aiken's V value of 0.88 (highly valid) and an ICC of 0.958 (highly reliable). The effectiveness test results showed a decrease in bacterial colonies from 2.2–5 × 10³ CFU to 0 CFU at 5 and 10 minutes, and 1 CFU at 15 minutes. It was concluded that ITS is effective, valid, and reliable as a renewable energy-based sterilization innovation to support the prevention of cross-infection in dental health services.