Phytochemical Analysis, FTIR Characterization, and in Vitro Evaluation of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Annona Squamosa Bark

The current study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the bark extract of Annona squamosa (commonly known as custard apple) and their evaluation against human breast cancer cell lines. The bark extract, known for its potent antioxidant properties, was used for the green synthesis of AgNPs. The study involved the characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles through various analyses, including phytochemical screening, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, free radical scavenging assay (DPPH), and cell viability assays against breast cancer cell lines. The results showed that silver nanoparticles were rapidly synthesized within one hour by adding the Annona squamosa bark extract to an ethanolic solution containing silver nitrate (1 mg/mL). The structural properties of the nanoparticles were confirmed by XRD analysis, while FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy provided additional confirmation of their composition and stability. The antioxidant activity analysis revealed significant free radical scavenging potential of the synthesized AgNPs, with a percentage inhibition of 65.7 μg/mL against DPPH. Additionally, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 9.7 μg/mL. The percentage of apoptotic cells was observed to increase in a dose-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate the potential of Annona squamosa bark- derived silver nanoparticles as a promising agent in cancer therapy.