Beyond Compliance: A Policy-Driven Digital Governance Framework for Embedding Procurement Sustainability in Nigeria’s Bureau of Public Procurement

Although 15–20% of Nigeria's GDP comes from public procurement (World Bank, 2022; OECD, 2021), systemic leakages, elite capture, and gender exclusion still exist 17 years after the Public Procurement Act of 2007 (The A & E Law Partnership, 2024; Oyewobi et al., 2017). Using a sequential-explanatory mixed-methods design, this study evaluates the causal effects of BPP's digital reforms (2012–2023) on procurement efficiency (Creswell, 2014; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2010). Additionally, it suggests a Policy-Driven Digital Governance Framework (PDGF) that incorporates AI-enabled anomaly detection, a sovereign Open Contracting Data Standard (OCDS) cloud hosted by the National Data Exchange (NDX), and gender-responsive green procurement (GRGP) regulations (Lawal Rasheed Ajibola et al., 2025; OBAZELE & OSUJI, 2025). Only after the 2021 Executive Order on OCDS required granular transparency did e-bidding implementation reduce average cycle time by 22% (p