Forensic Engineering: Need for Structural Failure Investigation in India- A Review

Failures in buildings are frequent occurrences. Poor construction practices, coupled with inadequate material handling, can result in failures and defects within structures, such as building collapses, which may lead to significant losses in resources, time, and finances, as well as endanger lives. Therefore, to comprehend the factors contributing to building collapses, it is essential to examine forensic engineering and legal investigations related to structural failures, aiming to reduce such incidents. Forensic engineering involves the analysis of materials, products, structures, or components that fail or do not function as intended, resulting in damage to public safety and property. Currently, in foreign countries, forensic engineering is evolving into a specialized field for professional practitioners who can assess structural failures and identify responsible parties. In contrast, India is witnessing an increasing demand for forensic engineering, especially within the industrial sector, as the complexity of infrastructure projects and manufacturing processes requires precise analysis of accidents and failures. However, it still encounters challenges such as a lack of standardized practices, qualified professionals, and sufficient infrastructure to fully harness its potential. This study addresses this gap and outlines the necessary steps to enhance awareness of forensic engineering, reduce the likelihood of structural failures, and identify and punish the parties that are responsible.