Fast Bowling in Cricket: A Biomechanical Review of Performance, Technique, and Injury Mechanisms

The purpose of the study is to determine the kinematic and kinetic values of the fast-bowling technique in cricket that influences the performance and the risk of injury. Fast bowling is a high intense activity that significantly generates high speed of the ball and large mechanical forces particularly on lumbar spine. This systematic review reveals the various methods to prevail over-shoulder counter- rotation following back foot landing to lumbar injuries. This review included 16 authoritative journals that examined the biomechanics of cricket fast bowling. Elite and sub elite male and female fast bawlers were selected. The data related to run-up speed, back and front foot contact, trunk and shoulder motion, joint kinematics, and ground reaction forces were analyzed. Higher ball release speeds were positively corelated to the faster runup speed, front leg bracing, trunk flexion, delayed arm action, and pelvis–shoulder separation. The Bowling techniques such as excessive rotation of shoulders, and lack of trunk control is increased the load on the lumbar spine. Female bowlers exhibit lower running speeds and greater reliance on trunk and pelvic rotation during their movements.In conclusion, performance of fast bowling and the risk of injury are coordinated whole-body mechanics. Control of technique and frequent screening are the two issues that coaches must concentrate on to enhance performance and minimize the risk of injuries.