Bridging Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Western ecological science approaches through language: the role of language in ecosystem restoration and invasive alien species management

Ecosystem restoration initiatives frequently overlook vital contributions of Indigenous knowledge, especially the linguistic and cultural dimensions that shape ecological understanding. Principle 6 of United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021–2030 emphasises the incorporation of diverse knowledge systems into restoration and promotes mutual learning. However, mainstream restoration practices often favour scientific discourse, neglecting language barriers that limit the participation of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs). This paper advocates for the integration of Indigenous knowledge into mainstream restoration through translation of conservation terminology and naming invasive alien species in Indigenous languages. The study proposes a participatory framework that bridges scientific and traditional ecological knowledge. It emphasises linguistic translation and culturally grounded communication strategies to promote mutual understanding between restoration practitioners and IPLCs. The approach is grounded in co-learning and acknowledgment of linguistic diversity as a cornerstone of equitable knowledge exchange. Integrating Indigenous languages and perspectives into restoration enhances comprehension of environmental challenges within local contexts. It improves community participation in decision-making, strengthens native biodiversity conservation, and supports efforts to manage invasive alien species. The process fosters legitimacy and long-term commitment to restoration initiatives among IPLCs. Embedding Indigenous knowledge and language into restoration practices ensures initiatives are ecologically sound, culturally meaningful and socially inclusive. This integration empowers IPLCs to actively engage in restoration and supports equitable governance and reinforces ecosystem resilience. Recognising and valuing linguistic and cultural diversity strengthens global restoration efforts through collaborative, bottom-up action.