LiDAR technologies for the study and protection of monumental trees in Italy

Monumental trees in Italy represent a natural and cultural heritage of great value, whose conservation is essential. This study highlights the potential of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)-based technologies, such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and drones, for three-dimensional reconstruction of these specimens within virtual environments. Villa del Colle del Cardinale, a monumental complex managed by the National Museums of Perugia - Regional Directorate of National Museums of Umbria under the Ministry of Culture, located in the province of Perugia, was selected as a case study for developing a 3D digital archive of its monumental trees. This archive serves not only as a resource that can be consulted over time - useful for monitoring, scientific dissemination, and cultural promotion - but also as a replicable example at the national level for the protection and conservation of monumental tree heritage.