Dissociation and Cooling Dynamics of 2-cyanoindene Monocations: Survival of Small PAHs in Harsh Interstellar Radiation Fields

Abstract The molecule, 2-cyanoindene, C 10 H 7 N (2CNI) is the only cyanosubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) detected in space, for which the hydrocarbon counterpart, indene, has also been observed in the same astrochemical environment—the molecular cloud TMC-1. In this study, based on experiments in two different laboratories, the collision and radiation-driven dissociation and cooling dynamics of the 2-cyanoindene monocations are investigated using one of the electrostatic ion-beam storage rings of the DESIREE facility, and the DESIRS beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility. The storage ring experiments quantify the balance between fragmentation and radiative cooling of the stored cations, while the synchrotron experiments characterize dissociation channels from the vacuum ultraviolet-induced dissociative photoionization of the neutrals. Recurrent fluorescence is shown to play an important role in the radiative stabilization of 2CNI + . The results from both sets of experiments are combined to obtain a self-consistent set of microcanonical rate coefficients for dissociation and radiative cooling that completely describe the near-dissociation threshold dynamics of 2CNI + across the microseconds-seconds time range. This timescale is suitable for incorporation into astrochemical models of PAH growth and destruction lifecycles. This study extends its findings to different astrochemical environments by simulating the extent of fragmentation and the cascade emission spectra of 2CNI + under varying interstellar radiation fields. These results indicate that radiative cooling enhances the resilience of 2-cyanoindene to harsh radiation conditions, suggesting that small cyano-PAHs may survive longer than previously assumed in a wider range of astrochemical environments, extending beyond cold, dark molecular clouds.