Can We Distinguish the Source Region Location of Filament/Prominence Eruptions from the Sun-as-a-star H α Spectrum?

Abstract Solar filament/prominence eruptions can significantly perturb geospace when originating from favorable source locations and directions. While stellar analogs have been recently reported, the disk locations and magnetic environments of their source regions remain spatially unresolved on other stars. To bridge this gap, we investigate the typical Sun-as-a-star H α temporal spectral characteristics of solar filament/prominence eruptions with different source region locations (on-disk versus limb, active region versus quiet-Sun region). It is revealed that limb eruptions are characterized by blueshifted/redshifted emission caused by the bright off-limb erupting structures, whereas on-disk eruptions may show blueshifted absorptions due to the dark erupting filaments. Among the limb eruptions, front-side limb eruptions usually display line center emission before the blueshifted/redshifted emission, while farside limb eruptions show the opposite sequence. Moreover, the magnetic environment at the source also shapes the spectral characteristics. On-disk filament eruptions from active regions exhibit much more intense flare-ribbon-dominated line center emission features compared with those from the quiet-Sun region. Limb active region eruptions often show single-wing emissions, whereas large-scale quiet-Sun region (quiescent) prominence eruptions frequently display expansion-induced emission in both wings, followed by line center absorption due to the disappearance of bright prominence. These distinct Sun-as-a-star H α spectral characteristics, dependent on eruption location, provide a diagnostic basis for inferring source regions of stellar filament/prominence eruptions from spatially unresolved H α spectra.