Study on the Influence of Edge-Thickness Liner on Explosively Formed Projectiles

This study investigates the effect of liner thickness distribution, expressed as the edge-to-apex ratio (δ₂/δ₁), on the formation and performance of explosively formed projectiles (EFP). Numerical simulations and experimental tests were conducted to assess key parameters such as velocity, projectile shape, flight stability, and pene-tration depth. Results show that low δ₂/δ₁ ratios lead to blunt, large-diameter pro-jectiles with poor aerodynamic properties, while high ratios produce slender shapes that often develop hollow tails, reducing stability and penetration. The most effective performance was achieved at moderate δ₂/δ₁ values (around 0.4–0.6), where a favorable balance between collapse dynamics, shape, and mass distribu-tion resulted in improved flight behavior and terminal effectiveness. These insights are useful for optimizing EFP warhead design.